Display of Investor Awareness Message(s) by Stock Brokers on their Trading Apps and Websites, under Project Jagrook HO/38/24/(15)2026-MIRSD-PODMMC/I/22872/2026, dated 1st October 2026, issued by SEBI 1. SEBI vide circular no. SEBI/HO/MIRSD/MIRSD-PoD-1/P/CIR/2023/73 dated May 19, 2023, inter-alia, mandated all stock brokers to display ‘Risk disclosures’ (given at Annexure-I of the said circular) to all their clients in the manner as specified therein (herein after referred to as ‘Risk disclosures’). 2. In continuation to the aforementioned circular, as part of

Online Submission of Form A2 – Removal of Limits on Amount of Remittance A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 23, dated 1st October 2026, issued by RBI Attention of Authorised Dealers (ADs) Category I banks and AD - Category II entities is invited to paragraph 3 of A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 12 dated July 03, 2024, on the captioned subject, in terms of which they were advised to frame appropriate internal guidelines with the approval of their Board, for the purpose of

Non-Resident Deposits – Comprehensive Single Return (NRD-CSR)(R012) – Submission under CIMS Sankalan Portal A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 24, dated 1st October 2026, issued BY RBI Attention of banks maintaining Non-Resident Deposits (NRD) Accounts is invited to A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 19 dated August 07, 2013 on monthly NRD-CSR return submission through XBRL platform to the Reserve Bank. 2. The NRD-CSR reporting has since moved to Centralised Information Management System (CIMS) Sankalan portal with the submission of March 2024 data in

Extension of Tenure of Shri Dheeraj Bhatnagar, IRS (IT:1988) (Retd.) as Technical Member, Securities Appellate Tribunal S.O. 5240(E), dated 23rd September 2026, issued by Ministry of Finance In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) (d) of section 24 of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2026 (17 of 2026) read with clause (c) of sub-rule (7) of rule 3 and sub-rule (2) of rule 10 of the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021 and in pursuance of Office Memorandum of

Foreign Exchange Management (Export and Import of Goods and Services) (Amendment) Regulations, 2026 No. FEMA 23(R)/(1)/2026-RB, dated 22nd September 2026, issued by RBI In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 7, Section 8, sub-section (6) of Section 10 and sub-section (2) of Section 47 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999), the Reserve Bank of India makes the following amendments to the Foreign Exchange Management (Export and Import of Goods and Services) Regulations, 2026 [Notification No. FEMA

Commencement of Levy of Fee for Delayed Filing of Forms under Regulation 47B of the Liquidation Process Regulations Circular No: IBBI/LIQ/107/2026,dated 24th September 2026, issued by IBBI In continuation of Circular No. IBBI/LIQ/91/2026 dated 05.01.2026 regarding the revised liquidation forms and in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 47B of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) Regulations, 2016, it is hereby notified that each form which is due on or before 30.09.2026 and are submitted after

Further Extension of Time for Filing Forms to Monitor Insolvency Resolution Processes for Personal Guarantors to Corporate Debtors under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, and the Regulations made Thereunder Circular No: IBBI/II/108/2026, dated 24th September 2026, issued by IBBI Pursuant to Circular No. IBBI/II/92/2026 dated 6th March 2026, the Board has mandated the filing of electronic forms PGIRP-1 to PGIRP-6 on its e-platform for monitoring insolvency resolution processes concerning personal guarantors to corporate debtors. 2. Subsequently, by Circular No. IBBI/II/104/2026 dated 9th

SEBI Board Decisions PR No.59/2026, dated 24th September 2026, issued by SEBI The 215th meeting of the SEBI Board was held in Mumbai today. The SEBI Board, inter-alia, approved the following: 1. Comprehensive review of Securities and Exchange Board of India (Portfolio Managers) Regulations, 2020 1.1 The Board approved the proposal to introduce Securities and Exchange Board of India (Portfolio Managers) Regulations, 2026 in supersession of Securities and Exchange

Extension of Tenure of Justice (Retd.) Sh. P S Dinesh Kumar, Former Chief Justice, High Court of Karnataka as Presiding Officer, Securities Appellate Tribunal S.O. 5238(E), dated 23rd September 2026, issued by Ministry of Finance In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) (d) of section 24 of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2026 (17 of 2026) read with clause (a) of sub-rule (7) of rule 3 and sub-rule (1) of rule 10 of the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021 and

Extension of Tenure of Ms. Meera Swarup, IA&AS (Retd.), as Technical Member of the Securities Appellate Tribunal S.O. 5212(E), dated 22nd September 2026, issued by Ministry of Finance In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) (d) of section 24 of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2026 (17 of 2026) read with clause (c) of sub-rule (7) of rule 3 and sub-rule (2) of rule 10 of the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021 and in pursuance of Office Memorandum

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) (Fifth Amendment) Regulations, 2026 F. No. IBBI/2026-27/GN/REG154, dated 22nd September 2026, issued by IBBI In exercise of the powers conferred under clauses (aa) and (t) of sub-section (1) of section 196 read with section 240 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016), the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India hereby makes the following regulations to further amend the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) Regulations, 2016,

Extension of Tenure of Members in the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal S.O. 5205(E), dated 21st September 2026, issued by MCA In exercise of the powers conferred by section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) read with section 24(2)(d) of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2026, the Central Government hereby extends the tenure of the following Technical Members in the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal, with the same terms and conditions for a period of 5 years

Re-appointment of Shri Kamlesh Chandra Varshney, IRS (IT:1990) (Retd.), to the Post of Whole-time Member, Securities and Exchange Board of India S.O. 5142(E), dated 18th September 2026, issued by Ministry of Finance In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) (d) and sub-section (4) of section 4 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992), read with rule 3 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Terms and Conditions of Service of Chairman

Sh. Jayanti Prasad, Whole Time Member, IBBI takes Additional Charge as Chairperson of IBBI Press Release No. IBBI/PR/2026/15, dated 21st September 2026, issued by IBBI The Central Government assigned additional charge of Chairperson, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) to Shri Jayanti Prasad, Whole Time Member, IBBI, with effect from 13th September, 2026 in addition to his existing duties, till the completion of his tenure in IBBI on 20th November, 2026 or till the joining of a

Cessation of Interim Moratorium in respect of Personal Guarantors to Corporate Debtors Circular No. IBBI/II/106/2026, dated 21st September 2026, issued by IBBI The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2026 inserted sub-section (4) in sections 96 and 124 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, providing that the interim moratorium shall not apply in respect of a personal guarantor to a corporate debtor, with effect from 26th May, 2026. 2. In this regard, the Hon'ble Bombay High Court, in Tata Capital Financial Services

Ms. Pallavi Jain Govil, Secretary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs nominated as Member, Securities and Exchange Board of India S.O. 5083(E), dated 15th September 2026, issued by Ministry of Finance ln exercise of powers conferred by sub-section 4 read with sub-section 1 of Section 4 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992), the Central Government hereby makes further amendment in the notification of the Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs,

Amendments in Notification Number S.O 372(E), dated 5th February, 2016 S.O. 5082(E), dated 16th September 2026, issued by Ministry of Finance In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 43 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 (15 of 2003) and in consultation with the Chief Justice of High Court of Himachal Pradesh, the Central Government hereby makes the following further amendments in the notification of the Government of India, Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue) published in the

Measures to strengthen Business Continuity Plan and Disaster Recovery of Market Infrastructure Institutions Dated 15th September 2026, issued by SEBI 1. Objective: 1.1. The objective of the consultation paper is to obtain feedback with regard to proposed enhancements around Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and Disaster Recovery (DR) framework of Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs) in terms of - a) Shortening time for conducting mock DR drills; b) Strengthening operational resilience at primary site of MIIs, and; c) Strengthening data recovery for

Review of Certain Aspects of the Closing Auction Session, Market Timings and Settlement Methodology for Derivatives Contracts Dated 12th September 2026,issued by SEBI 1. Objective 1.1 The Closing Auction Session ("CAS") framework was introduced in the equity cash segment of the Stock Exchanges for stocks on which derivatives contracts are available ("F&O Stocks"), with effect from August 03, 2026 (Circular), with the objective of facilitating efficient and transparent price discovery of the closing price of securities. The framework was preceded by extensive stakeholder consultation and

Applicability of IT & Cyber Security Framework of MIIs to Their Subsidiaries Dated 11th September2026,issued by SEBI Objective 1. The objective of this consultation paper is to seek feedback with regard to the proposal of applicability of IT and Cyber Security framework of Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs) to their subsidiaries. Background 2. With an aim to maintain uninterrupted securities market operations, SEBI, from time to time, has prescribed IT framework to Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs). 3. Further, with an increased reliance on digital

A claim which was untenable on the date the suitor entered the portals of the court cannot become tenable simply because a fortuitous event during the pendency of the trial has made it so. The lis must be decided on the basis of rights and liabilities as they stood on the date of institution, unless the statute or equity of the case otherwise requires Sub-section (22A) of section 19, inserted by the Amendment Act, 2016, explicitly provides that a recovery certificate

Judicial process and the judgment under challenge are tainted by the usage of materials which are said to be precedents, but in reality, they are unreal, fake, and do not exist at all. A decision of a Court or an Adjudicating Authority based on material which is fake and hallucinated is no decision at all, and it amounts to subversion of the rule of law. Such a decision is unsustainable and has to be set aside The production of fake, non-existent,

It is not open to SEBI to take a stand that the service can be effected in alternative modes envisaged in clause (b)/(c) of rule 7 as per Amendment in 2021 bypassing mode in clause (a) of rule 7 stating that the amendment is clarificatory in nature. The order of the SEBI suffers from violation of principles of natural justice Where no steps have been taken by the SEBI to serve the appellant as per clause (a) of rule 7 and

Impugned award is liable to be quashed and set aside for being contrary to settled principles of law, for having awarded damages in utter disregard of the principles governing the assessment of damages, for failing to examine even the element of fraud having occurred with in rem consequences affecting multiple parties and for treating the same as a bilateral fraud without even examining who committed the fraud, while simultaneously holding that one party did not commit the fraud How the arbitral

Where the statute itself erects an insurmountable jurisdictional bar, no enquiry into the adequacy of the cause shown would alter the legal consequence that inexorably follows. Absent any cogent or convincing justification, the delay(s) in both the filing of the defective appeal and re-filing of the appeal cannot be condoned 45 days is available under sub-section (1) of section 62 from date of receipt of the order of the NCLT to file an appeal involving a substantial question of law

The stipulation about the Letter of intent (‘LoI’) being subject to the outcome of the pending applications of prospective resolution applicant (‘PRA’) would not make the LoI conditional for the appellant to renege from the plan. The contention that the stipulation was in the nature as to make the LoI a conditional one to enable the appellant to renege from the CoC approved plan cannot be accepted The stand of the appellant that the stipulated clauses objected to by the appellant

CRIMINAL NATURE OF SECTION 138 The proceedings initiated for offence of dishonour of cheque under section 138 are not in the nature of legal action for recovery of money Section 138 is based on a civil dispute as regards repayment of debt, yet, it cannot be treated on par with a civil proceeding for recovery of money. The deeming fiction makes it sufficiently clear that the provision is punitive and makes the act of dishonouring a cheque a criminal offence. Offence

On a proper construction of sub-section (2) of section 6 read with sub-regulation (4) of regulation 9 and sub-regulation (5) of regulation 9, the obligation is to place before the CCI, in a single notice, the inter-connected steps and agreements that explain the substance of the composite arrangement. On the basis of the notice as filed, the subsequent clarifications, and the contents of the approval order under sub-section (1) of section 31, the appellant’s filing could not, in the circumstances

Where the appellant is the financial creditor who is the beneficiary of such transaction and the transaction was executed in respect of antecedent debt materially improving the position of the appellant under section 53 and was executed within the statutory look-back period and does not fall within the ordinary course of business exception under sub-section (3) of section 43, it is squarely covered by the ratio laid down in Anuj Jain, Interim Resolution Professional for Jaypee Infratech Ltd. v. Axis

Statutory charge under section 48 is created the moment the assessment order came to be passed determining liability. The statutory first charge requires no further action to be made to make the charge operational beyond the passing of the assessment order. The proof required for establishing the statutory first charge of the kind created by section 48 is the statute itself and no more Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) Regulations, 2016 – Regulation 21 read with section

The assistance which the resolution professional (‘RP’) may insist within the meaning of sub-section (1) of section 19 can relate only to such information which may be considered necessary by the RP for running the corporate debtor as a going concern and for the protection of its properties Sub-section (1) of section 19 does not specify the nature of assistance or cooperation which are required to be rendered to the interim resolution professional (‘IRP’), but indicate that such assistance or cooperation

Where bank’s disbursement of loan was intrinsically linked to performance of builder’s obligation and the dispute between the parties is predominantly contractual in character, the transaction cannot be viewed in isolation as a simple financial lending arrangement between the bank and the corporate debtor Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 – Section 7 – Insolvency resolution process – Application by financial creditor for initiation – NCLT holding debt and default are proved beyond reasonable doubt – Is NCLT justified in admitting petition

At the stage of issuance of process, the statutory presumption under section 139 cannot be dislodged in a summary manner merely by contending that the cheque issued was not for any legally enforceable debt or liability When the basic ingredients of section 138 stand duly satisfied and the statutory presumption under section 139 gets triggered, coming to a conclusion that the cheque was not issued for a legally enforceable debt at the pre-trial stage itself without granting an opportunity to the

The appellant‘s day-to-day involvement in the affairs of the company cannot be established merely because the appellant had signed the Board resolution. It cannot be said the appellant is conversant with the day-to-day management of the company justifying the summons to her invoking section 141 to prosecute for offence of dishonour of cheque In the instant case the substance of establishing the appellant’s day-to-day involvement in the affairs of the company is that she had signed the Board resolution, which

The Supreme Court order in SBI v. Rajesh Agarwal [2024] 181 CLA (Snr.) 16 did not recognise any right in the borrower to personal hearing from the banks before classifying their accounts as fraud account when the Court held that principles of natural justice like issuance of a show cause notice, supply of the relied upon material and the obligation to pass a reasoned order were essential. As held by the Court in that order, the forensic audit reports ought

Once there is a determination of liability in a judicial proceeding held by way of a suit or by way of an arbitral award, that date itself could be taken as to be the cut-off for the purposes of drawing the proceedings either under section 7, 9 or 95. Since in the present case, the determination of liability in the shape of an award happens to be of 2013, and the notice was issued on 20th January, 2020, showing default

Clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 180 applies only to disposal of an undertaking or substantially the whole thereof and not to isolated assets. The Explanation to clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 180 qua the 20 per cent threshold applies only once the subject-matter qualifies as an undertaking Following the Supreme Court ruling, the legal position emerges that ‘undertaking’ means a business as a going concern, not individual assets and disposal of a single mortgaged property is not

Telecom service providers (‘TSPs’) does not ‘own’ spectrum either in law or in fact, nor do they have absolute possession. What they hold is a limited, a case specific, and conditional right to use spectrum. The combined effect of the Telegraph Act, public trust doctrine, judicial precedents, tripartite agreements and statutory exclusions under sections 18 and 36 of the Code unequivocally establishes that spectrum cannot form part of the assets of the corporate debtor capable of transfer during CIRP or

The debt and default having been conclusively established, and the narrow exception carved out in Vidarbha Industries Power Ltd. v. Axis Bank Ltd. [2022] 169 CLA 211 (SC) being clearly inapplicable, the NCLAT was fully justified in admitting the corporate debtor into the CIRP. The NCLT’s refusal was contrary to the settled law and the statutory mandate of section 7 The corporate debtor admittedly possesses no adjudicated or realisable claim exceeding the amount in default. Its reliance on business viability,

Where no adjudicatory exercise was undertaken qua the respondents and there are no pleadings attributing any personal role to them, no evidence led to establish individual culpability, and no findings returned fixing personal liability. In the absence of these foundational elements, execution proceedings cannot be utilised as a surrogate forum to impose liability where none has been adjudicated Once a moratorium has been declared against the judgment-debtor company, the modes of execution contemplated under section 71 of the Consumer Protection

In this article, the author dwells on the question as to whether a person who has been appointed a managing director in a company vacates office ipso facto as a director in the company once he ceases to be the managing director.

This article analyses the proposed amendments to the Companies Act, 2013 relating to related party and procedural or approval process in related party transactions.

Both the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (‘PMLA’) and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (‘the Code’) having a non-obstante clause makes it difficult to decide as to which one will prevail over the other. The Code operates in civil area of law while the PMLA deals in criminal field as money laundering is an economic offence against the public at large. There are various principles of law which favour the both but the main question that arises is

The central thesis of this article is that MDPs can serve as the next frontier for India’s professional services industry, transforming it into a globally competitive ecosystem. However, this transition must be accompanied by thoughtful reforms and robust safeguards to balance growth, independence and public trust.

This article explores directors’ fiduciary duties under the Companies Act, 2013 and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 in the “twilight zone” of insolvency and examine the behavioural and institutional factors influencing directors’ wisdom to initiate restructuring actions.

In this article the author delves into a question as to whether directors of companies can be appointed by postal ballot.

The Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023 has introduced a new concept called ‘settlement’ which is aimed at expeditious resolution of the disputes. Framework relating to the settlement has been brought into force with effect from 6th March, 2024. The Competition Commission of India has passed its first Settlement Order on 21st April, 2025. This article elaborates the provisions related to the settlement mechanism.

In this article, the author throws light on ongoing CSR projects under section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.

In this article, the author gives an insight into the appointment of directors of companies under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

This article is intended to give insight into the insolvency reform journey – From insolvency reform to economic reform. The fascinating journey that began with enactment of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 was never merely about insolvency. It was about building a modern credit economy. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2026 marks another significant step in that continuing journey.

This article discusses in depth analysis inter-play between sections 52 and 66 of the Companies Act, 2013.

This article examines the legal consequences of this unusual sequencing. Additionally, the article addresses how courts may respond to this misalignment. It considers two primary scenarios: (i) a challenge to the amended Rules under the current statutory regime ; and (ii) disruption when the substituted provision eventually takes effect, potentially unsettling existing financing arrangements.

This article explores how related party transaction (RPT) assessments operate in practice, beyond mechanical compliance. It explains that related-party identification depends not only on shareholding but also on control, significant influence, and contractual rights. It examines how “ordinary course of business” must be evaluated through business reality, recurrence, industry practice, and commercial purpose rather than objects clauses alone. The article further clarifies that arm’s length pricing is as much about neutrality of process and terms as about numbers. Drawing from

In this article, the author dwells on a question as to whether in relation to a petition complaining oppression/mismanagement under section 230 of the Companies Act, 2013, the affairs of the holding company cover affairs of a subsidiary company. He is of the view that having regard to the nature of the remedy provided by section 241 and the words used therein, it would seem that those against whom a complaint can be made must be in-charge of or responsible

In this article, the authors give an insight into insider trading in the backdrop of legal framework, pitfalls and preventing measures. They are of the view that the effectiveness of the insider trading framework ultimately depends on behavioural discipline within organisations, adherence to governance norms and a culture that respects confidentiality as a fiduciary responsibility, not merely a statutory requirement.

In this article, the author delves into question as to whether company can give loan to its managing/whole-time directors. He concludes that by applying this rule of statutory interpretation, it can be said that sub-section (2) of section 67 is a special provision and sub-section (3) of section 185 is a general provision and, hence, the former should give way to and prevail over the latter. Consequently, although clause (c) of sub-section (3) of section 185 permits giving of loans

This paper explores how the way Indian companies finance mergers and acquisitions has changed over time, moving steadily away from bank-driven models towards capital market solutions. In the early years, internal funds and traditional bank loans were the mainstay, but they soon proved inadequate to meet the growing scale and complexity of deals. As India liberalised, regulatory reforms under the Companies Act, SEBI’s frameworks, FEMA, and faster merger control processes created the space for market-led financing to thrive.

In this article the author delves into issue of financial claim against the corporate debtor which is not part of resolution plan. Having reviewed multiple rulings of High Courts and the Supreme Court, he concludes that neither any proceeding can be initiated nor continued in respect of claims, which are not a part of the resolution plan nor any fresh claims can be lodged or enforced after the approval of the resolution plan against a corporate debtor.

One of the anti-trust practices prohibited under the Competition Act, 2002 (‘the Act’) is “abuse of dominant position”. Section 4 of the Act prohibits an enterprise or group from abusing its dominant position. If a dominant enterprise or the group indulges in any of the practices listed under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 4 to clause (e) of sub-section (2) of section 4, it is treated as abuse of dominance. A plain reading of section 4 gives an

In this article the authors analyse in depth cross-border investments.

Corporate resolution plan – Approved by Adjudicating Authority – Can committee of creditors tinker with it – After the resolution plan is approved, the committee of creditors becomes functus officio and it cannot make any changes to the resolution plan approved by the Adjudicating Authority.

NCLT – Jurisdiction to determine disputes other than under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (‘the Code’) – The Code does not confer a power on the Adjudicating Authority to decide on the ownership of brand name for such a matter does not arise in the course of resolution of corporate insolvency or in relation thereto. The same should be decided by another appropriate judicial forum.

Listed Company – Disclosure of material information of securities – How should be made for complying with requirements of SEBI Regulations – Disclosures should be made conspicuously and not in a camouflaged manner in an obscure place.

Professional bodies – Standards framed by them – In the event of conflict between the statute and the standards, which would prevail – Provisions in the statute would prevail over those in the standards.

Judgment – When attains finality – Reviewing and handing down new ruling is not commensurate with the objective of article 141 of the Constitution and can never ensure finality to settlement of disputes.

Dishonour of cheque – Complaint – Can it be quashed by Court – A complaint lodged and taken cognisance should not and cannot be quashed before the trial is commenced and concluded.

Fine imposed on a quasi-judicial body – Power to enhance – Can it be exercised to review an order by its subordinate authority – Sub-section (3) of section 15I of the SEBI Act empowers the SEBI Board to enhance penalty and not to empower the Board to review whether the order of the Adjudicating Authority is correct or erroneous. Therefore, the order imposing fine is bad in law as it has been passed on assumption of non-existing authority.

Criminal prosecution – Can it be withdrawn for offence against public policy on compounding/compromising – In the peculiar circumstances of the case, the Supreme Court quashed the prosecution on the offender depositing the compounding amount agreed between the contesting parties.

CIRP – Unsuccessful applicant thereof – Can it be an aggrieved person for filing appeal under the Code – Once a corporate insolvency resolution process is approved by the Adjudicating Authority, it ceases to be a right in personam and an unsuccessful applicant of a corporate resolution process could appeal against the order of the Adjudicating Authority approving a corporate resolution process.

AGM – Agenda item – Can it be withdrawn at the meeting – Question of the item being withdrawn at the meeting cannot and would not arise particularly if the voting electronically results in disapproval of the item slated for withdrawal from consideration at the physical meeting.

Director Identification Number – Surrender by a person who is no longer a director – Directors Rules does not provide for surrender of DIN. Therefore, form has to be filed and if filed late the person concerned has to shell out Rs.5,000 every year, until his death, when automatically the DIN would stand cancelled.

Circular – Circular dated 22nd September, 2025 permitting companies to conduct their annual general meetings through video conferencing – Circular cannot be said to be in consonance with democratic principles.

Corporate insolvency resolution process – Can an application by financial creditor be rejected on the ground that there is some deficiency in the affidavit without giving a notice to him individually – The notice should be given individually directed to the applicant.

Arbitral award – Can it be set aside on the ground that it provides for excessive interest – Merely because arbitral award has allowed excessive rate of interest, it cannot be a ground for setting aside it.

CSR – Expenditure on environmental protection – Can it be said to be a constitutional obligation – Company can and should incur expenditure even if environmental protection is not included in its object clause but which is incidental to carrying on of business item.

Probate of will by Hindu – Is it mandatory to obtain – As obtaining a probate has been dispensed with the Amendment Act, 2025, the transmission of the holdings of a deceased shareholder on the basis of a will would be left to the discretion of companies.

Transfer of property – Can it be transferred through general power of attorney – The grantee has, in his own right, no interest in the immovable property and, therefore, the question of his transferring interest in immovable property would never arise.

Dishonour of cheque – Conviction of drawer on compounding – Can it be cancelled on compounding – When the law allows such compounding, court should not come in the way of giving effect to the same and as such should take note of the compounding and cancel the punishment awarded.

Compliance officer – Status of – Compliance officer should be clothed with the requisite powers through appropriate Board resolutions. Otherwise, he is only a paper tiger.

Returns filed under Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 – Can it be revised for removing discrepancies – The right to correct mistakes in the nature of clerical or arithmetic cannot be denied unless the mistake has been committed intentionally and with a view to evade the payment of the correct tax. Such unintended mistakes or errors should permitted to be corrected and should not be denied.